feat(search): add server-side full-text search using MiniSearch

- install minisearch
- add SearchIndex service with field-weighted indexing
- sync index on recipe CRUD via RecipeService
- new GET /api/recipes/search endpoint with pagination and ranking
- unit tests for SearchIndex
- remove erroneous FTS5 schema changes (revert to ADR-001 compliant approach)

Search is now fast, pure JS, works with sql.js, respects privacy (server-side).
This commit is contained in:
Paul Huliganga 2026-03-30 22:35:45 -04:00
parent 71a3e430b7
commit ba870efeb8
9 changed files with 981 additions and 143 deletions

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# FTS5 Full-Text Search — Execution Board
**Feature:** Add true full-text search (FTS5) to Recipe Manager
**Created:** 2026-03-30
**Status:** Planning → In Progress
**Orchestrator:** Cleo (main agent)
**Target Model:** stepfun/step-3.5-flash (where applicable)
---
## 🎯 Goal
Replace the current `LIKE`-based search with a high-performance, relevant FTS5 virtual table that indexes:
- Recipe titles and descriptions
- Ingredient items and notes
- Step instructions
- Tag names (via recipe_tags join)
Provide a single backend search endpoint that:
- Supports phrase queries, prefix searches, AND/OR logic
- Returns ranked results by relevance
- Preserves pagination metadata
- Falls back gracefully if FTS fails
---
## 📦 Deliverables
1. **Schema & Migration**
- Add `recipes_fts` virtual table (FTS5) with `title`, `description`, `ingredient_item`, `ingredient_notes`, `step_instruction`, `tag_name` columns
- Create triggers to keep FTS in sync on INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE of recipes, ingredients, steps, tags, recipe_tags
- Backfill existing data in migration
2. **Backend Search Endpoint**
- New route: `GET /api/recipes/search`
- Params: `q` (query string), `page`, `limit`
- Uses `MATCH` with `bm25()` ranking
- Returns `{ results, total, page, limit, hasMore }` consistent with existing list endpoint
3. **Frontend Integration**
- Update search input to call new endpoint instead of filter-based search
- Show ranked order (highest relevance first)
- Preserve existing pagination UI
4. **Tests**
- Unit tests for FTS trigger logic (insert/update/delete sync)
- Backend integration tests: search relevance, phrase queries, no-results, pagination
- E2E test: search returns expected recipes by title/ingredient
5. **Migration & Rollback**
- Ensure `schemaVersion` increment and migration applied
- Document rollback steps (drop virtual table + triggers)
---
## 🔢 Task Breakdown
| Task | Owner | Est. (hrs) | Status |
|------|-------|------------|--------|
| T1: Design FTS5 virtual table schema + trigger plan | Sub-agent 1 | 1.5 | ⏳ |
| T2: Implement migration (create FTS, triggers, backfill) | Sub-agent 2 | 2 | ⏳ |
| T3: Build `/api/recipes/search` endpoint with ranking | Sub-agent 3 | 2 | ⏳ |
| T4: Write backend unit/integration tests for FTS/sync | Sub-agent 4 | 2 | ⏳ |
| T5: Update frontend to use new endpoint + pagination | Sub-agent 5 | 1.5 | ⏳ |
| T6: E2E verification: search by title, ingredient, tags | Sub-agent 6 | 1 | ⏳ |
| T7: Rollback plan, doc updates, final review | Sub-agent 7 | 1 | ⏳ |
---
## 🧩 Dependencies
- T3 depends on T2 (endpoint requires schema)
- T4 depends on T2 (tests need DB structure)
- T5 depends on T3 (frontend calls endpoint)
- T6 depends on T5
- T7 depends on all
Tasks T1 and T2 can run in parallel (T1 designs, T2 starts once design is signed).
---
## 📐 Acceptance Criteria
- ✅ FTS5 virtual table present and populated with all existing recipes
- ✅ Search returns recipes ranked by BM25 (most relevant first)
- ✅ Phrase queries ("chocolate chip cookies") match correctly
- ✅ Prefix searches ("choc") work
- ✅ Ingredient-only searches return correct recipes
- ✅ Pagination metadata consistent with list endpoint
- ✅ All tests pass (including new FTS tests)
- ✅ Rollback documented and tested (optional)
---
## 🛠️ Technical Notes
- Use `CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE recipes_fts USING fts5(...)`
- Triggers: `AFTER INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE` on recipes, ingredients, steps, tags, recipe_tags
- Use `content=''` and `content_triggers` to auto-sync if desired; but explicit triggers may be simpler
- Migration must be idempotent (check if FTS exists before creating)
- Backend: parameterized query `SELECT ... FROM recipes_fts WHERE recipes_fts MATCH ?`
- Rank: `bm25(recipes_fts)` ascending (lower score = better)
- Join back to `recipes` table to fetch full recipe objects
---
## 🧠 Success Metric
Search accuracy > current `LIKE` filter, no regressions in performance, tests green.
---
**Orchestration Plan:**
Main agent will spawn seven independent sub-agents (one per task) with clear primitives. Sub-agents will report back with status updates. Main agent will monitor progress and roll up into a final status. Use `stepfun/step-3.5-flash` for all sub-agents where model choice applies (per instruction).

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# FTS5 Virtual Table Schema & Trigger Plan — Design Spec
**Task:** T1: Design FTS5 virtual table schema + trigger plan for Recipe Manager
**Created:** 2026-03-30
**Target:** Implementation blueprint for T2 (migration)
**Schema baseline:** `src/backend/db/schema.sql` (2026-03-28 MVP normalized)
---
## 1. FTS5 Virtual Table Definition
### Table Name
`recipes_fts` — virtual table using FTS5 extension.
### Columns (for full-text indexing)
Each column corresponds to a searchable text field from the recipe domain:
| Column | Source | Description |
|--------|--------|-------------|
| `title` | `recipes.title` | Recipe title (primary identifier) |
| `description` | `recipes.description` | Recipe description/brief |
| `ingredient_item` | `ingredients.item` aggregated | Ingredient names (e.g., "chicken", "flour") |
| `ingredient_notes` | `ingredients.notes` aggregated | Ingredient-specific notes (e.g., " diced", "to taste") |
| `step_instruction` | `steps.instruction` aggregated | Cooking step instructions |
| `tag_name` | `tags.name` aggregated via `recipe_tags` | Tag names associated with the recipe |
### Tokenizer Configuration
```sql
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE recipes_fts
USING fts5(
title,
description,
ingredient_item,
ingredient_notes,
step_instruction,
tag_name,
tokenize='porter unicode61'
);
```
**Rationale:**
- `porter` stemming: reduces words to root forms (e.g., "chopped" → "chop", "chicken" stays "chicken", "sautéed" → "saut"). Improves recall for cooking terminology.
- `unicode61` tokenizer: handles international characters and emoji (common in recipes) robustly.
- Combined as `porter unicode61` → apply porter stemming with Unicode support.
### Rowid Mapping Strategy
- The FTS table uses `rowid` to reference the corresponding `recipes.id`.
- We will store `recipes.id` as the `rowid` directly: `INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, ...) VALUES(recipe_id, ...)`.
- This enables efficient joins: `SELECT r.* FROM recipes r JOIN recipes_fts fts ON r.id = fts.rowid WHERE fts MATCH ?`.
---
## 2. Trigger Design
We need triggers on all base tables to keep `recipes_fts` synchronized with aggregated data. The FTS table rows must be kept up-to-date whenever any underlying data changes.
### General Pattern
For any recipe, its FTS row contains a **snapshot** of aggregated ingredient items/notes, step instructions, and tag names at that moment. On any change to related data, we must recalculate the aggregated content and upsert into `recipes_fts`.
### Helper SQL Functions
We recommend creating SQL functions to encapsulate the aggregation logic:
```sql
-- Aggregate ingredient text for a recipe
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_ingredients(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(item || COALESCE(' ' || notes, ''), ' ')
FROM ingredients
WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id;
END;
-- Aggregate step instructions for a recipe
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_steps(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(instruction, ' ')
FROM steps
WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id
ORDER BY position;
END;
-- Aggregate tag names for a recipe
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_tags(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(t.name, ' ')
FROM tags t
JOIN recipe_tags rt ON t.id = rt.tag_id
WHERE rt.recipe_id = recipe_id;
END;
```
These functions can be called from triggers to reconstruct the aggregated content efficiently.
### Trigger Definitions
#### 2.1 Triggers on `recipes`
**Purpose:** Update FTS row when recipe's title or description changes.
- `recipes_after_insert`: Insert initial FTS row for new recipe.
- `recipes_after_update`: Update FTS row if title/description changed.
- `recipes_after_delete`: Delete FTS row when recipe is removed.
```sql
-- AFTER INSERT on recipes
CREATE TRIGGER recipes_after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON recipes
BEGIN
INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, title, description, ingredient_item, ingredient_notes, step_instruction, tag_name)
VALUES (
NEW.id,
NEW.title,
NEW.description,
fts_aggregate_ingredients(NEW.id),
fts_aggregate_ingredients(NEW.id), -- same aggregation, we'll separate items/notes below
fts_aggregate_steps(NEW.id),
fts_aggregate_tags(NEW.id)
);
END;
-- AFTER UPDATE on recipes (only when title/description change)
CREATE TRIGGER recipes_after_update
AFTER UPDATE OF title, description ON recipes
WHEN OLD.title != NEW.title OR OLD.description != NEW.description
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET
title = NEW.title,
description = NEW.description
WHERE rowid = OLD.id;
END;
-- AFTER DELETE on recipes
CREATE TRIGGER recipes_after_delete
AFTER DELETE ON recipes
BEGIN
DELETE FROM recipes_fts WHERE rowid = OLD.id;
END;
```
**Note:** The `ingredient_item`, `ingredient_notes`, `step_instruction`, and `tag_name` fields will be maintained by other triggers on their respective tables; we only need to insert them initially here.
#### 2.2 Triggers on `ingredients`
**Purpose:** Recalculate aggregated ingredient content for the associated recipe whenever ingredients change.
- INSERT: update recipe's FTS row
- UPDATE: if recipe_id changes, update both old and new recipes
- DELETE: update recipe's FTS row
We need to aggregate `item` and `notes` into separate columns (`ingredient_item` and `ingredient_notes`) but with space linkage (`item || ' ' || notes` for `ingredient_notes`? Actually spec says `ingredient_notes` column should contain notes only? Let's review:
The execution board specifies columns: `ingredient_item`, `ingredient_notes`, `step_instruction`, `tag_name`.
Interpretation:
- `ingredient_item`: concatenated list of ingredient item names (without notes)
- `ingredient_notes`: concatenated list of ingredient notes (only the notes text)
But for search relevance, it's more useful to combine both: search for "diced" should find recipes with "1 cup diced onions". If we separate them, the note "diced" may not match the item column. However, we can index both separately; the query will search across all columns. So we can store pure items in `ingredient_item` and pure notes in `ingredient_notes`. The FTS query `MATCH` searches across all columns by default if you query a single column or use `recipes_fts MATCH ?` without column spec. But we might want to weight columns differently? That's an advanced optimization not required now.
Given the spec, I'll implement:
- `ingredient_item`: `GROUP_CONCAT(item, ' ')`
- `ingredient_notes`: `GROUP_CONCAT(notes, ' ')` (excluding nulls)
```sql
-- Helper to get aggregated ingredient item text
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(item, ' ')
FROM ingredients
WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id;
END;
-- Helper to get aggregated ingredient notes text
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(notes, ' ')
FROM ingredients
WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id AND notes IS NOT NULL AND notes != '';
END;
-- AFTER INSERT on ingredients
CREATE TRIGGER ingredients_after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON ingredients
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET
ingredient_item = fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(NEW.recipe_id),
ingredient_notes = fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(NEW.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = NEW.recipe_id;
-- If recipe doesn't exist in FTS yet (e.g., recipe added earlier without trigger), insert it
INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, title, description, ingredient_item, ingredient_notes, step_instruction, tag_name)
SELECT
r.id,
r.title,
r.description,
fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(r.id),
fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(r.id),
fts_aggregate_steps(r.id),
fts_aggregate_tags(r.id)
FROM recipes r
WHERE r.id = NEW.recipe_id AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM recipes_fts WHERE rowid = r.id);
END;
-- AFTER UPDATE on ingredients
CREATE TRIGGER ingredients_after_update
AFTER UPDATE ON ingredients
BEGIN
-- If recipe_id changed, update both old and new recipe's FTS rows
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET
ingredient_item = fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(NEW.recipe_id),
ingredient_notes = fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(NEW.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = NEW.recipe_id;
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET
ingredient_item = fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(OLD.recipe_id),
ingredient_notes = fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(OLD.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = OLD.recipe_id AND OLD.recipe_id != NEW.recipe_id;
END;
-- AFTER DELETE on ingredients
CREATE TRIGGER ingredients_after_delete
AFTER DELETE ON ingredients
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET
ingredient_item = fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(OLD.recipe_id),
ingredient_notes = fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(OLD.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = OLD.recipe_id;
-- If recipe has no ingredients now, we still keep the row (other columns may exist)
END;
```
#### 2.3 Triggers on `steps`
```sql
-- AFTER INSERT on steps
CREATE TRIGGER steps_after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON steps
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET step_instruction = fts_aggregate_steps(NEW.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = NEW.recipe_id;
INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, title, description, ingredient_item, ingredient_notes, step_instruction, tag_name)
SELECT
r.id,
r.title,
r.description,
fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(r.id),
fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(r.id),
fts_aggregate_steps(r.id),
fts_aggregate_tags(r.id)
FROM recipes r
WHERE r.id = NEW.recipe_id AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM recipes_fts WHERE rowid = r.id);
END;
-- AFTER UPDATE on steps
CREATE TRIGGER steps_after_update
AFTER UPDATE ON steps
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET step_instruction = fts_aggregate_steps(NEW.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = NEW.recipe_id;
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET step_instruction = fts_aggregate_steps(OLD.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = OLD.recipe_id AND OLD.recipe_id != NEW.recipe_id;
END;
-- AFTER DELETE on steps
CREATE TRIGGER steps_after_delete
AFTER DELETE ON steps
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET step_instruction = fts_aggregate_steps(OLD.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = OLD.recipe_id;
END;
```
#### 2.4 Triggers on `tags` and `recipe_tags`
Because tags are many-to-many, changes to tags can affect multiple recipes:
- INSERT tag: no recipes yet, nothing to do.
- UPDATE tag name: affects all recipes linked to that tag.
- DELETE tag: affects all recipes that had that tag (via ON DELETE CASCADE on recipe_tags, but before the tag row is removed, we need to update FTS for those recipes).
For `recipe_tags`:
- INSERT: affects the recipe (and possibly the tag, but tag name is used). The recipe gains a new tag → need to update its `tag_name` column.
- DELETE: recipe loses a tag → need to update its `tag_name` column.
- UPDATE on `recipe_tags` (rare): combination of delete + insert.
```sql
-- AFTER INSERT on recipe_tags
CREATE TRIGGER recipe_tags_after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON recipe_tags
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET tag_name = fts_aggregate_tags(NEW.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = NEW.recipe_id;
INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, title, description, ingredient_item, ingredient_notes, step_instruction, tag_name)
SELECT
r.id,
r.title,
r.description,
fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(r.id),
fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(r.id),
fts_aggregate_steps(r.id),
fts_aggregate_tags(r.id)
FROM recipes r
WHERE r.id = NEW.recipe_id AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM recipes_fts WHERE rowid = r.id);
END;
-- AFTER DELETE on recipe_tags
CREATE TRIGGER recipe_tags_after_delete
AFTER DELETE ON recipe_tags
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET tag_name = fts_aggregate_tags(OLD.recipe_id)
WHERE rowid = OLD.recipe_id;
END;
-- AFTER UPDATE on tags (name changed) — need to update all recipes with that tag
CREATE TRIGGER tags_after_update
AFTER UPDATE OF name ON tags
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET tag_name = fts_aggregate_tags(rt.recipe_id)
FROM recipe_tags rt
WHERE recipes_fts.rowid = rt.recipe_id
AND rt.tag_id = NEW.id;
END;
-- BEFORE DELETE on tags — update all recipes that reference this tag before tag is removed
-- (we could also rely on ON DELETE CASCADE from recipe_tags, but we need to update FTS before the tag row is gone)
CREATE TRIGGER tags_before_delete
BEFORE DELETE ON tags
BEGIN
UPDATE recipes_fts
SET tag_name = fts_aggregate_tags(rt.recipe_id)
FROM recipe_tags rt
WHERE recipes_fts.rowid = rt.recipe_id
AND rt.tag_id = OLD.id;
END;
```
**Note:** SQLite's `UPDATE ... FROM` is available in modern versions (3.33.0+). If not supported in the project's SQLite version, we can rewrite using subqueries. The migration implementation (T2) should check SQLite version and adapt accordingly.
---
## 3. Backfill Strategy
Existing recipes must be loaded into `recipes_fts` before the application uses it.
### Migration Steps
1. **Ensure FTS5 extension is available** (SQLite 3.9.0+). Enable extension loading if needed: `PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;` (no special action required for FTS5; it's built-in).
2. **Create helper functions** (`fts_aggregate_*`) before creating triggers, because triggers call them.
3. **Create the virtual table:**
```sql
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipes_fts
USING fts5(
title,
description,
ingredient_item,
ingredient_notes,
step_instruction,
tag_name,
tokenize='porter unicode61'
);
```
4. **Backfill all existing recipes** in a single transaction (for performance and consistency):
```sql
INSERT INTO recipes_fts(rowid, title, description, ingredient_item, ingredient_notes, step_instruction, tag_name)
SELECT
r.id,
r.title,
r.description,
GROUP_CONCAT(i.item, ' ') as ingredient_items,
GROUP_CONCAT(i.notes, ' ') as ingredient_notes,
(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(s.instruction, ' ') FROM steps s WHERE s.recipe_id = r.id) as step_instruction,
(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(t.name, ' ') FROM tags t
JOIN recipe_tags rt ON t.id = rt.tag_id
WHERE rt.recipe_id = r.id) as tag_name
FROM recipes r
LEFT JOIN ingredients i ON r.id = i.recipe_id
GROUP BY r.id;
```
**Why this works:** Uses `GROUP BY r.id` to aggregate ingredients per recipe. Subqueries aggregate steps and tags. Handles recipes with no ingredients/steps/tags gracefully (NULL → FTS stores empty text? Need to check SQLite FTS behavior: NULL becomes empty string, fine).
5. **Create triggers** as defined in Section 2, in order: helper functions first, then FTS table, then backfill, then triggers. But triggers reference the functions, so functions must exist before triggers are created.
6. **Test backfill completeness:**
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM recipes; -- should equal COUNT(*) FROM recipes_fts
```
### Idempotency & Rollback
- Migration script should be idempotent: use `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS`, `CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS`, and check if backfill is needed (e.g., by checking `recipes_fts` row count before inserting).
- For rollback: drop all triggers and the FTS table. Keep data in main tables intact.
---
## 4. Search Query Usage Pattern (for backend developer)
Once FTS5 is set up, the search endpoint should:
```sql
-- Basic query with BM25 ranking
SELECT
r.*,
bm25(recipes_fts) as rank_score
FROM recipes r
JOIN recipes_fts fts ON r.id = fts.rowid
WHERE fts MATCH ?
ORDER BY rank_score ASC -- lower bm25 is better
LIMIT ? OFFSET ?;
```
To get total count for pagination:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM recipes_fts WHERE recipes_fts MATCH ?;
```
**Phrase search:** Use quotes in query: `"chocolate chip"` → users can type it, pass directly to MATCH.
**Prefix search:** Use `*` at end: `choc*` → user may type, treat as prefix.
**Security:** Parameterize the query string to avoid SQL injection. Use prepared statements.
---
## 5. Implementation Notes & Edge Cases
### Column Aggregation Decisions
- **`ingredient_item` vs `ingredient_notes`**: We separate them to allow independent boosting if needed later. Currently both are concatenated with spaces; nulls are excluded.
- **Ordering preservation** (`GROUP_CONCAT`): By default SQLite does not guarantee order; we can add `ORDER BY position` within aggregation if needed: `GROUP_CONCAT(item, ' ')` with `ORDER BY position` modifier. For FTS, order matters for phrase queries but not for individual term matches. Still, it's good to preserve natural order. Modify helpers:
```sql
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(item, ' ') FROM (SELECT item FROM ingredients WHERE recipe_id = ? ORDER BY position);
```
- Same for steps: should honor `position`.
Update functions accordingly:
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_ingredient_items(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(item, ' ')
FROM (SELECT item FROM ingredients WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id ORDER BY position);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_ingredient_notes(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(notes, ' ')
FROM (SELECT notes FROM ingredients WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id ORDER BY position)
WHERE notes IS NOT NULL AND notes != '';
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fts_aggregate_steps(recipe_id INTEGER)
RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(instruction, ' ')
FROM (SELECT instruction FROM steps WHERE recipe_id = recipe_id ORDER BY position);
END;
```
### Multi-Recipes Updated by Single Trigger
Triggers on `tags` and `recipe_tags` can affect many recipes (e.g., deleting a tag popular in many recipes). The `UPDATE recipes_fts ... FROM recipe_tags` pattern updates all affected rows in one statement, which is efficient. However, if a tag has thousands of recipes, this could be heavy; but tags are typically not that widely used. Acceptable.
### Concurrency
Triggers run within the same transaction as the triggering statement. So FTS remains consistent with the main tables. No additional locking needed beyond SQLite's transaction isolation.
### FTS5 Content Option
We are using the default `content=''` (external content) because the FTS table does not store its own copy of the full text; it references `rowid` only. We manage content manually via triggers. That's what we designed above.
Alternatively, could use `content='recipes'` and let SQLite auto-maintain content via `content_triggers`, but that would only index columns directly from `recipes` table, not aggregated from ingredients/steps/tags. So external content + explicit triggers is necessary.
### Performance Considerations
- Triggers add overhead on every write to ingredients/steps/recipe_tags. But writes are relatively infrequent compared to reads; search is read-heavy.
- Backfill may be slow for large datasets (>10k recipes). Can batch if needed, but likely okay for a personal recipe manager.
- FTS5 indexes maintain inverted index; queries should be fast.
### Null Handling
- `GROUP_CONCAT` returns NULL if no rows; FTS5 stores empty string for NULL. We can coalesce: `COALESCE(GROUP_CONCAT(...), '')` in functions to be explicit.
---
## 6. Deliverables for T2 (Implementation Checklist)
- [ ] Create SQL migration file: `migrations/YYYY-MM-DD-add-fts5.sql`
- [ ] Add helper aggregation functions (deterministic, with ordering)
- [ ] Create `recipes_fts` virtual table with `porter unicode61` tokenizer
- [ ] Implement backfill query (single INSERT...SELECT)
- [ ] Create all triggers (recipes, ingredients, steps, tags, recipe_tags) with proper WHEN clauses to avoid unnecessary updates
- [ ] Make migration idempotent (use `IF NOT EXISTS` checks and/or guard inserts)
- [ ] Add tests for trigger behavior (unit tests that simulate data changes and verify FTS content)
- [ ] Document rollback: `DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ...` and `DROP TABLE IF EXISTS recipes_fts`
- [ ] Verify row counts match after backfill
---
## 7. Schema Version Bump
Current schema version: `2026-03-28` (from migrations). This FTS5 addition constitutes a schema change. Recommendation: increment to `2026-03-30-fts5` or similar. Update any `schemaVersion` constant in application code.
---
## 8. Summary Diagram (Conceptual)
```
recipes (id)
↓ (triggers on recipes)
ingredients (recipe_id) → aggregate via fts_aggregate_ingredient_*()
steps (recipe_id) → aggregate via fts_aggregate_steps()
tags ← recipe_tags (recipe_id, tag_id) → aggregate via fts_aggregate_tags()
recipes_fts(rowid = recipes.id) stores searchable text from all above.
Search query: SELECT recipes.* FROM recipes JOIN recipes_fts USING(rowid) WHERE MATCH.
```
All modifications to base tables funnel through triggers that recompute only the affected recipe's aggregated fields and update its corresponding FTS row.
---
**Design completed for T2 implementation.**
**Key equations:**
- FTS row content: `{title, description, Σ(ingredient items), Σ(ingredient notes), Σ(step instructions), Σ(tag names)}`
**Triggers:**
- `recipes_after_insert/update/delete` → maintain recipe FTS row (title/desc)
- `ingredients_after_insert/update/delete` → recalc ingredient aggregates
- `steps_after_insert/update/delete` → recalc step aggregates
- `recipe_tags_after_insert/delete` → recalc tag aggregates for recipe
- `tags_after_update` (name change) → recalc tag aggregates for all recipes using that tag
- `tags_before_delete` → recalc tag aggregates for affected recipes
**Backfill:** One-shot `INSERT INTO recipes_fts SELECT ... GROUP BY recipes.id` with left joins/subqueries.

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# Recipe Manager — Workspace Continuation Summary
**Date:** 2026-03-30 (Morning)
**Session:** Main agent with sub-agent orchestration
**Workspace:** `/home/paulh/.openclaw/workspace/projects/recipe-manager`
---
## 📦 Current State
### Build & Test Status
- ✅ `npm run build` passes (TypeScript compiles cleanly)
- ✅ All 90 tests passing
- ✅ No lint errors
### Git Status
- Branch: `main` (ahead of origin by 20 commits)
- Uncommitted changes from sub-agent tasks:
- `src/backend/db/migrate.ts` (logger integration)
- `src/backend/db/seed.ts` (logger integration)
- `src/backend/services/CopyMeThatHtmlParser.ts` (logger integration)
- `src/backend/services/CopyMeThatTxtParser.ts` (logger integration)
- `src/backend/index.ts` (removed redundant console.error)
- `src/backend/routes/harness.ts` (localhost restriction added)
- `status/*.jsonl` (runtime artifacts, ignore)
---
## ✅ Completed in This Session (2026-03-29 → 2026-03-30)
### Phase 1: Build Stabilization
- Fixed TypeScript errors (logger typing, test schema path)
- Added global error handling middleware (Zod → 400, import errors → proper codes)
- Import route now catches `UrlImportError` and returns mapped responses (504/502/415)
- Updated test setups to match production error handling
- Adjusted `CopyMeThatImportService` test expectations to match parser behavior (invalid recipes filtered, not counted as failures)
**Result:** Clean build, 90/90 tests pass.
### Phase 2: Code Quality (Sub-agent 1)
- Replaced all remaining `console.log` with logger:
- `migrate.ts`: 2× `logInfo`
- `seed.ts`: 1× `logInfo`, 1× `logError`
- `CopyMeThatHtmlParser.ts`: 1× `logDebug`, 1× `logError`
- `CopyMeThatTxtParser.ts`: 1× `logError`
- `index.ts`: removed redundant `console.error` (logError already called)
- Build verified successful.
### Phase 3: Security Hardening (Sub-agent 2)
- Added `requireLocalhost` middleware to `src/backend/routes/harness.ts`
- Applied to all harness routes (`/api/harness/*`)
- Returns 403 for non-localhost requests (127.0.0.1, ::1 only)
---
## 📋 Remaining High-Priority Tasks (from TODO.md)
### Phase 4: Code Quality & Observability (incomplete items)
- [x] Extract asyncHandler middleware ✓
- [x] Add request logging (morgan) ✓
- [x] Replace console.log with proper logger ✓
- [x] Add pagination links to recipe list response ✓
- [ ] **Full-text search (FTS5)** — low priority, can defer
### Phase 2: Security (optional item)
- [x] Restrict harness routes to localhost ✓
---
## 🚀 Backlog (Post-v1)
### v1.1
- [ ] Recipe scaling (adjust servings)
- [ ] Print styles
- [ ] Advanced search filters
- [ ] Random recipe suggestion
### v2.0 (AI Features)
- [ ] AI ingredient substitutions
- [ ] Meal planning
- [ ] Shopping list generation
- [ ] Fintrove cost tracking integration
---
## 🗂️ Important Files
- `TODO.md` — authoritative task queue
- `SESSION_SUMMARY_2026-03-29.md` — detailed session log
- `MEMORY.md` (workspace) — long-term memory ( Paul's preferences, model strategy )
- `HEARTBEAT.md` — autonomous task schedule
- `docs/` — architecture and user docs
---
## 🔄 Next Steps for Continuation
1. **Commit the uncommitted changes**
- Files modified by sub-agents are ready to commit.
- Suggested commit message:
`refactor(logging): replace remaining console statements with logger`
`security(harness): restrict /api/harness routes to localhost`
- Run:
```bash
cd /home/paulh/.openclaw/workspace/projects/recipe-manager
git add -A
git reset HEAD status/ # exclude runtime status files
git status # verify only src/ and relevant files staged
git commit -m "chore: finalize logger refactor and harness localhost restriction"
```
- Optionally push: `git push`
2. **Decide on FTS5 implementation** (low priority)
- If pursued: add `CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE recipes_fts USING fts5(...)` and trigger-based sync
- Add backend search endpoint that queries FTS instead of LIKE
- Update frontend search UI to use new endpoint
- Estimate: 24 hours
3. **Consider v1.1 features** (recipe scaling, print styles, etc.)
- Prioritize based on user needs
4. **Docker/host validation** (deferred)
- Run `docker compose up` on host machine with Docker installed
- Verify all services start and UI accessible
---
## 📝 Notes for New Session
- All core v1.0 tasks completed except optional FTS5.
- The codebase is stable, well-tested, and production-ready.
- Error handling and logging are consistent across all layers.
- Harness routes are now secured to localhost only.
- No breaking changes remain; further work can be incremental.
---
**End of summary.** This file can be loaded at session start to resume work immediately.

7
package-lock.json generated
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
"dotenv": "^17.3.1",
"express": "^4.18.2",
"express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1",
"minisearch": "^7.2.0",
"morgan": "^1.10.1",
"multer": "^2.1.1",
"sql.js": "^1.14.1",
@ -2319,6 +2320,12 @@
"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
}
},
"node_modules/minisearch": {
"version": "7.2.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minisearch/-/minisearch-7.2.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-dqT2XBYUOZOiC5t2HRnwADjhNS2cecp9u+TJRiJ1Qp/f5qjkeT5APcGPjHw+bz89Ms8Jp+cG4AlE+QZ/QnDglg==",
"license": "MIT"
},
"node_modules/mlly": {
"version": "1.8.2",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mlly/-/mlly-1.8.2.tgz",

View File

@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
"dotenv": "^17.3.1",
"express": "^4.18.2",
"express-rate-limit": "^8.3.1",
"minisearch": "^7.2.0",
"morgan": "^1.10.1",
"multer": "^2.1.1",
"sql.js": "^1.14.1",

View File

@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Router } from 'express';
import { z } from 'zod';
import type { Database } from 'sql.js';
import { RecipeService } from '../services/RecipeService.js';
import { SearchIndex } from '../services/SearchIndex.js';
import { asyncHandler } from '../middleware.js';
const createRecipeSchema = z.object({
@ -69,7 +70,11 @@ const recipeFiltersSchema = z.object({
export function createRecipeRoutes(db: Database): Router {
const router = Router();
const recipeService = new RecipeService(db);
const searchIndex = SearchIndex.getInstance(db);
// Initialize search index in the background (non-blocking)
// Note: We don't await here to avoid delaying route setup; index will be ready soon
searchIndex.initialize().catch(console.error);
const recipeService = new RecipeService(db, searchIndex);
router.get('/', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
const parsedFilters = recipeFiltersSchema.parse(req.query);
@ -111,6 +116,39 @@ export function createRecipeRoutes(db: Database): Router {
});
}));
router.get('/search', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
const { q: query, offset = 0, limit = 20 } = req.query;
if (!query || typeof query !== 'string' || query.trim().length === 0) {
return res.status(400).json({
success: false,
data: null,
error: 'Query parameter "q" is required',
});
}
await searchIndex.initialize();
const resultIds = searchIndex.search(query, Math.min(Number(limit) * 2, 100));
const total = resultIds.length;
const paginatedIds = resultIds.slice(Number(offset), Number(offset) + Number(limit));
const hasMore = total > Number(offset) + Number(limit);
const recipes = paginatedIds
.map(id => recipeService.get(id))
.filter((recipe): recipe is NonNullable<typeof recipe> => recipe !== null);
const baseUrl = `${req.protocol}://${req.get('host')}${req.baseUrl}/search`;
const meta: any = {
total,
offset: Number(offset),
limit: Number(limit),
has_more: hasMore,
next: hasMore ? `${baseUrl}?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&offset=${Number(offset) + Number(limit)}&limit=${Number(limit)}` : null,
prev: Number(offset) > 0 ? `${baseUrl}?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&offset=${Math.max(0, Number(offset) - Number(limit))}&limit=${Number(limit)}` : null,
};
res.json({ success: true, data: recipes, meta, error: null });
}));
router.get('/:id', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
const id = parseInt(req.params.id, 10);
if (isNaN(id)) {

View File

@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
import type { Database } from 'sql.js';
import { RecipeRepository } from '../repositories/RecipeRepository.js';
import type { Recipe, CreateRecipeInput, UpdateRecipeInput, RecipeFilters } from '../types/recipe.js';
import { SearchIndex } from './SearchIndex.js';
export class RecipeService {
private repository: RecipeRepository;
constructor(db: Database) { this.repository = new RecipeRepository(db); }
private searchIndex: SearchIndex;
constructor(db: Database, searchIndex?: SearchIndex) {
this.repository = new RecipeRepository(db);
this.searchIndex = searchIndex ?? SearchIndex.getInstance(db);
}
list(filters: RecipeFilters = {}): { recipes: Recipe[]; total: number } {
const recipes = this.repository.findAll(filters);
const total = this.repository.count(filters);
@ -15,13 +21,27 @@ export class RecipeService {
if (!input.title.trim()) throw new Error('Recipe title cannot be empty');
if (!input.ingredients.length) throw new Error('At least one ingredient');
if (!input.steps.length) throw new Error('At least one step');
return this.repository.create(input);
const recipe = this.repository.create(input);
try { this.searchIndex.add(recipe); } catch (e) { console.error('SearchIndex add failed:', e); }
return recipe;
}
update(id: number, input: UpdateRecipeInput): Recipe | null {
if (input.title !== undefined && !input.title.trim()) throw new Error('Recipe title cannot be empty');
if (input.ingredients !== undefined && !input.ingredients.length) throw new Error('At least one ingredient');
if (input.steps !== undefined && !input.steps.length) throw new Error('At least one step');
return this.repository.update(id, input);
const recipe = this.repository.update(id, input);
if (recipe) {
try { this.searchIndex.update(recipe); } catch (e) { console.error('SearchIndex update failed:', e); }
}
return recipe;
}
delete(id: number): boolean {
const deleted = this.repository.delete(id);
if (deleted) {
try { this.searchIndex.remove(id); } catch (e) { console.error('SearchIndex remove failed:', e); }
}
return deleted;
}
delete(id: number): boolean { return this.repository.delete(id); }
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
import initSqlJs from 'sql.js';
import type { Recipe } from '../types/recipe.js';
import { SearchIndex } from '../services/SearchIndex.js';
describe('SearchIndex', () => {
let db: any;
let searchIndex: SearchIndex;
beforeEach(async () => {
const SQL = await initSqlJs();
db = new SQL.Database();
db.exec(`
CREATE TABLE recipes (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
description TEXT,
servings INTEGER,
prep_time_minutes INTEGER,
cook_time_minutes INTEGER,
source_url TEXT,
image_url TEXT,
made INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
rating INTEGER,
notes TEXT,
created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE ingredients (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
recipe_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
position INTEGER,
quantity TEXT,
unit TEXT,
item TEXT NOT NULL,
notes TEXT
);
CREATE TABLE steps (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
recipe_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
position INTEGER,
instruction TEXT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE tags (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE recipe_tags (
recipe_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
tag_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (recipe_id, tag_id)
);
`);
searchIndex = SearchIndex.getInstance(db);
await searchIndex.initialize();
});
const insertRecipe = (overlay: Partial<Recipe> & { id?: number } = {}): Recipe => {
const baseRecipe: Recipe = {
id: 0,
title: 'Test Recipe',
description: 'A test description',
servings: 2,
prep_time_minutes: 10,
cook_time_minutes: 20,
source_url: null,
image_url: null,
made: false,
rating: null,
notes: null,
created_at: Date.now(),
updated_at: Date.now(),
ingredients: [],
steps: [],
tags: [],
};
return { ...baseRecipe, ...overlay, id: overlay.id ?? Date.now() };
};
it('should add and retrieve by search', () => {
const recipe = insertRecipe({ title: 'Chocolate Cake' });
searchIndex.add(recipe);
const ids = searchIndex.search('Chocolate');
expect(ids).toContain(recipe.id);
});
it('should update index via update() method', () => {
const recipe = insertRecipe({ title: 'Apple Pie' });
searchIndex.add(recipe);
let ids = searchIndex.search('Apple');
expect(ids).toContain(recipe.id);
const updated = { ...recipe, title: 'Cherry Pie' };
searchIndex.update(updated);
ids = searchIndex.search('Apple');
expect(ids).not.toContain(recipe.id);
ids = searchIndex.search('Cherry');
expect(ids).toContain(recipe.id);
});
it('should remove from index', () => {
const recipe = insertRecipe({ title: 'Banana Bread' });
searchIndex.add(recipe);
searchIndex.remove(recipe.id);
const ids = searchIndex.search('Banana');
expect(ids).not.toContain(recipe.id);
});
it('should search across ingredients and tags', () => {
const recipeId = Date.now();
const recipe = insertRecipe({
id: recipeId,
title: 'Salad',
ingredients: [{ id: 1, recipe_id: recipeId, position: 0, item: 'lettuce', notes: null, quantity: '', unit: '' }],
tags: [{ id: 1, name: 'healthy' }],
});
searchIndex.add(recipe);
expect(searchIndex.search('lettuce')).toContain(recipe.id);
expect(searchIndex.search('healthy')).toContain(recipe.id);
});
});

View File

@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
import MiniSearch from 'minisearch';
import type { Database } from 'sql.js';
import { RecipeRepository } from '../repositories/RecipeRepository.js';
import type { Recipe } from '../types/recipe.js';
interface SearchDocument {
id: number;
title: string;
description: string;
ingredients_text: string;
instructions_text: string;
tags_text: string;
combined: string;
}
export class SearchIndex {
private static instance: SearchIndex;
private index: any; // MiniSearch with generics is complex; use any
private db: Database;
private ready: boolean = false;
private constructor(db: Database) {
this.db = db;
this.index = new MiniSearch({
fields: ['title', 'description', 'ingredients_text', 'instructions_text', 'tags_text', 'combined'],
fieldWeights: {
title: 10,
description: 3,
ingredients_text: 5,
instructions_text: 3,
tags_text: 4,
combined: 1,
},
searchOptions: {
prefix: true,
fuzzy: 0,
},
// @ts-ignore - MiniSearch's extractField typing is loose
extractField: (document: any, fieldName: string) => {
return document[fieldName] || '';
},
} as any);
}
static getInstance(db: Database): SearchIndex {
if (!SearchIndex.instance) {
SearchIndex.instance = new SearchIndex(db);
}
return SearchIndex.instance;
}
async initialize(): Promise<void> {
if (this.ready) return;
await this.rebuildFromDatabase();
this.ready = true;
}
private buildDocument(recipe: Recipe): SearchDocument {
const ingredientsText = recipe.ingredients
.map(ing => ing.item)
.join(' ');
const instructionsText = recipe.steps
.map(step => step.instruction)
.join(' ');
const tagsText = recipe.tags
.map(tag => tag.name)
.join(' ');
const combined = [
recipe.title,
recipe.description || '',
ingredientsText,
instructionsText,
tagsText
].join(' ');
return {
id: recipe.id,
title: recipe.title,
description: recipe.description || '',
ingredients_text: ingredientsText,
instructions_text: instructionsText,
tags_text: tagsText,
combined: combined,
};
}
add(recipe: Recipe): void {
const doc = this.buildDocument(recipe);
this.index.add(doc);
}
update(recipe: Recipe): void {
this.remove(recipe.id);
this.add(recipe);
}
remove(recipeId: number): void {
this.index.discard(recipeId);
}
search(query: string, limit = 50): number[] {
const results = this.index.search(query, { limit });
return results.map((r: { id: number }) => r.id);
}
private async rebuildFromDatabase(): Promise<void> {
const repo = new RecipeRepository(this.db);
const recipes = repo.findAll({ limit: 10000 });
recipes.forEach(recipe => this.add(recipe));
}
}